Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. Copper is a chemical element in the periodic table with the symbol cu from the latin word cuprum, meaning metal of cyprus, where it was mined during the roman era. Porphyry ore typically forms in magmatic arcs above subduction zones. In later stages, circulating meteoric fluids may interact with the magmatic. Global miners snap up perus undeveloped copper deposits. Porphyry is a textural term for an igneous rock consisting of largegrained crystals such as feldspar or quartz dispersed in a finegrained silicate rich, generally aphanitic matrix or groundmass. Increased leverage to ongoing increases in the copper price. Copper is more easily extracted from the suifide and carbonate m i nerals. Preliminary model of porphyry copper deposits usgs. Exposure to immediate cash flows from the copper mountain mine. Porphyry copper deposits result from the complex interactions and feedbacks of many. Porphyry copper gold deposit model porphyry deposits are the worlds most important source of cu and mo, and are major sources of au, ag, and sn. Pdfsam basic is free and open source and works on windows, mac and linux.
Predating or associated with those fluids are vertical dikes of porphyritic intrusive rocks from which this deposit type derives its name. This paper presents a brief history of the technological evo lution of southwest porphyry copper deposits as bulk lowgrade deposits and the evolution of knowledge of their settings, habits. In silicate mineral deposits, the copper is linked with silicon and oxygen. The formation of porphyry copper deposits springerlink. Information on porphyry copper deposits from around the world with grade and tonnage models, a general classification based on geologic setting, mineralogy, with data allowing locations of these deposits to be plotted using gis. Those in island arc settings have primitive strontium isotopic ratios 87sr86sr of 0. Both copper and coppergold deposits are present near the intrusive center, with goldsilver deposits outboard from these, and leadzincsilver deposits present in a distal concentric zone. Porphyry copper deposits of the american cordillera. Porphyry copper, gold, and molybdenum deposits society of. V are pleased to announce the signing of a binding agreement dated may 19, 2014 the agreement that provides for a merger of the two companies the merger. Classes of copper deposits copper deposits are classified by general geologic setting, including the type of rock in which the copper deposit.
But while geologists have long recognized and exploited pcds, two new studies suggest they may need. The i10 copper deposit, another arizona copper mine to be. Intrusions associated with porphyry copper deposits intrusions associated with porphyry copper deposits are diverse but generally felsic and differentiated. Chile has the worlds largest copper reserves of any country by far, with 200. Copper grade is the concentration of copper in the ore rock. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Thomson resources porphyry copper gold deposit model. The speciation of sulfur is controlled by oxygen fugacity. Codes the australian research councils centre for excellence in ore deposit research, university of tasmania, private bag 126, hobart, tasmania 7001, australia. This report contains a revised descriptive model of porphyry copper deposits pcds, the worlds largest source about 60 percent and resource about 65 percent of copper and a major source of molybdenum, gold and silver. Porphyry deposits are the worlds principal resources of cu, mo, and re, and are major.
A free and open source software to merge, split, rotate and extract pages from pdf files. Porphyry copper deposits commonly contain hundreds of millions of metric tons of ore that averages a fraction of 1 percent copper by weight. In its nongeologic, traditional use, the term porphyry refers to the purplered form of this stone, valued for its appearance. Porphyry copper deposit, large body of rock, typically a porphyry of granitic to dioritic composition, that has been fractured on a fine scale and through which chalcopyrite and other copper minerals are disseminated. The upper levels of the original underground copper canyon mine, the west orebody, and the east orebody are of the central coppergold skarn type. Merger rationale for personal use only creating a new copper play of scale. If a deposit area has 200lbs of copper in 10,000lbs of ore rock, what is the grade. Every year, the world consumes about 20 million tons of copper primarily for construction materials like electrical wiring and water pipes. If you have ever visited the rest stop known as the thing and gazed into the valley to the east, you have seen the ground underlain by this deposit. The more than 4 billion tons of copper, nickel and precious metals have been here for millions of years, and weve known about them for more than 60. The duluth complex in minnesota is one of the largest undeveloped mineral deposits in the world. Copper is completely recyclable, however, with a large proportion of the copper mined throughout history still in use.
Copper skarn deposits occur near many porphyry copper host intru sions that intruded carbonatebearing units einaudi and others, 1981, and skarn mineral zoning patterns may be useful in the targeting of a potentially associated porphyry copper deposit meinert and others, 2005. The merger will result in the consolidation under one corporate structure of the assets of both companies, including the ownership of the little deer and whalesback copper deposits located in the springdale area of northcentral newfoundland and labrador, which are currently jointly owned on a. Copper deposits definition of copper deposits by medical. What investors need to know about porphyry copper deposits. A geologist at the university of exeter has developed a new and relatively inexpensive way to establish whether certain types of magmatic rocks are more likely to contain valuable metal deposits. These are somewhat the giants of the ore deposits world. They account for about 50 to 60% of world cu production and more than 95% of world mo production. The predicted magnetic anomaly over a porphyry copper system 1. Gold can be removed from porphyry copper systems by vapors that separate at high temperatures or by. A tectonic model for the spatial occurrence of porphyry. Porphyry copper deposits contain up to 100 t of gold and are among the largest reservoirs of gold in the upper crust kerrich et al. This information is compiled by dr bruce rohrlach and is not to be copied or reproduced in any form without written consent.
Copper canyon porphyry copper deposit western mining history. As a mining interested learner, the geology of porphyry copper deposits is vital to your education now in the first exploration geology course i discussed how because our current mining technology all the metals that we use. Porphyry copper deposits are copper orebodies that are formed from hydrothermal fluids that originate from a voluminous magma chamber several kilometers below the deposit itself. Copper has an atomic number of 29 and atomic weight of 63. Here lets understand the geology of porphyries and iron oxide copper gold deposits or iocg as they are known. To calculate the grade of copper for the sample, geologists use the equation. The i10 copper deposit is located along interstate 10 between benson and wilcox, arizona. Therefore, porphyry cu deposits are usually oxidized with oxygen fugacities.
The duluth complex is not a single layered igneous intrusion, e. They are commonly surrounded by deposits and country rock containing gold that is thought to have been derived from them jones, 1992. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. The potential of goldrich porphyry deposits is underscored by the fact that onefifth of the worlds giant gold deposits, defined as those containing 600 all, are porphyry type. Porphyry ore deposits are the source of much of the copper, molybdenum, gold and silver used by humans.
Regulus and southern legacy announce agreement to merge may 20, 2014, calgary, alberta regulus resources inc. Copper is a moderately incompatible chalcophile element. Studies reexamine how major copper deposits form earth. Most nonrecycled supplies come from porphyry copper deposits pcds, which form when hot, metalbearing fluids percolate up through earths crust.
This free online tool allows to combine multiple pdf or image files into a single pdf document. Part three resources and technology princeton university. Location of the western pacific deposits discussed in this thesis 1. It is an element in group 11 of the periodic table, sharing many properties with silver and gold. Significant quantities of byproduct molybdenum, silver, gold, and platinum are also produced. The problem is that while most of the magmas at convergent margins are highly oxidized, porphyry cu. In porphyry copper deposits, copper grades can range from 0. Seal porphyry copper deposits result from the complex interactions and feedbacks of many. Quickly merge multiple pdf files or part of them into a single one. Soda pdf merge tool allows you to combine pdf files in seconds. Porphyry copper deposits are copper ore bodies that are formed from hydrothermal fluids that originate from a voluminous magma chamber several kilometers below the deposit itself. So this gives us a start in deciding where to focus our exploration because of the extensive subduction during the tertiary i.
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